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Chlorination
Chlorination is a very common chemical method that uses chlorine to disinfect surface and groundwater. Chlorination is a good disinfecting method because it is inexpensive and proven effective against bacteria and viruses. Chlorine inactivates microorganisms by damaging their cell membrane, entering the membrane cell and disrupting respiration and DNA activity.
When chlorine is added to the water, the formation of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hypochloriteions (OCl-) occurs. These are the main disinfecting compounds in chlorinated water.
Another benefit of chlorination in addition to the disinfection of water, is that unlike other water treatment methods such as ozonation and ultraviolet radiation, chorination is able to produce a residual chlorine to reduce the chance of pathogen regrowth in storage tanks and distribution lines.
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Clear iron staining and hydrogen sulfide odours
In areas of South Florida, chlorination is effective for groundwater containing iron, which causes red staining on surfaces, and hydrogen sulfide, which creates a rotten egg smell.
Integra Environmental uses a chlorination and de-chlorination system that injects liquid chlorine into the water supply. Water remains in a contact tank for disinfection while chlorine oxidizes iron and hydrogen sulfide into solids removed during monthly maintenance. An activated charcoal filter then de-chlorinates the water and is usually installed with other systems for greater contaminant reduction.
